The Cathedral Of St. John The Divine In New York City, a magnificent structure blending Romanesque and Gothic architecture, offers a rich tapestry of history, art, and spiritual significance, as you’ll discover on johnchen.net. This iconic landmark, much like the Sagrada Familia, continues to evolve, inviting visitors to witness its ongoing story and experience its unique blend of old and new. Experience the allure of history, art, and spirituality. You’ll find architectural grandeur, cultural experiences, and historical landmarks all in one place.
1. What Is The Cathedral Of St. John The Divine?
The Cathedral of St. John the Divine is an Episcopal cathedral in New York City, one of the largest cathedrals in the world, known for its architectural grandeur and ongoing construction, which has earned it the nickname “St. John the Unfinished.” It’s a vibrant center for worship, culture, and community outreach, blending traditional religious practices with modern social justice initiatives.
The Cathedral Church of Saint John the Divine, located in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of New York City, is more than just a house of worship; it is a cultural icon and a testament to human ambition and artistic vision. Conceived in 1888 and begun in 1892, the cathedral was originally designed in the Romanesque Revival style by architects George Heins and Christopher Grant LaFarge. However, after Heins’ death in 1907, the design shifted dramatically to Gothic Revival under the guidance of architect Ralph Adams Cram. This blend of architectural styles contributes to the cathedral’s unique and imposing presence. The interior spans an impressive 601 feet in length, equivalent to over two football fields, making it one of the largest cathedrals in the world.
The cathedral’s construction has been marked by periods of intense activity and prolonged pauses, reflecting the economic and social conditions of the times. Work was halted during the two World Wars, with resources diverted to social programs and wartime efforts. Construction resumed in 1979, fueled by a resurgence of real estate wealth in New York City, but was again suspended in 1997 due to financial constraints. Despite its unfinished status, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine stands as a symbol of hope, resilience, and the ongoing pursuit of architectural and spiritual excellence.
2. What Architectural Styles Does The Cathedral Of St. John The Divine Showcase?
The Cathedral of St. John the Divine showcases a blend of Romanesque Revival and Gothic Revival architectural styles, reflecting the different visions of its architects over time. The original Romanesque design was later replaced with a Gothic Revival style, resulting in a unique combination of features.
Begun in 1892, the cathedral initially followed a Romanesque Revival design, characterized by its rounded arches, massive walls, and overall sense of solidity. This style, popular in the late 19th century, evoked the grandeur and stability of medieval European architecture. However, the death of original co-architect George Heins in 1907 marked a turning point in the cathedral’s architectural trajectory. Ralph Adams Cram, a staunch advocate of Gothic Revival, took over the project and implemented a new vision that would dramatically alter the cathedral’s appearance.
Cram’s Gothic Revival style, inspired by the soaring cathedrals of medieval Europe, emphasized height, light, and intricate ornamentation. Pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows became prominent features of the design. Cram’s vision necessitated lengthening the nave to achieve the desired Gothic proportions, resulting in the cathedral’s immense length of 601 feet.
The transition from Romanesque to Gothic was not seamless. The existing Romanesque foundations and walls had to be adapted to accommodate the new Gothic design, creating a unique hybrid of architectural styles. The lower portions of the cathedral retain elements of the Romanesque Revival, while the upper sections showcase the soaring verticality and intricate detailing of the Gothic Revival. This blend of styles, though unconventional, gives the Cathedral of St. John the Divine its distinctive character and architectural significance.
3. What Is The Significance Of The “Portal Of Paradise” At The Cathedral?
The “Portal of Paradise” at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine is a grand entrance adorned with intricate sculptures depicting scenes from the Old and New Testaments, symbolizing the gateway to spiritual enlightenment and divine grace. It features modern interpretations of biblical figures and events, blending ancient stories with contemporary artistic expression.
Located on the Amsterdam Avenue facade, the Portal of Paradise serves as the cathedral’s main entrance and a powerful symbol of spiritual welcome. The massive bronze doors, crafted by Barbedienne of Paris, feature 60 panels depicting scenes from the Old and New Testaments, inviting visitors to reflect on the rich tapestry of biblical narratives. Above the doors, a large rose window, measuring 40 feet in diameter and containing 10,000 pieces of colored glass, bathes the entrance in a kaleidoscope of light, creating an atmosphere of ethereal beauty.
Surrounding the entrance, a series of intricately carved limestone pillars further enhances the Portal of Paradise’s symbolic significance. These pillars, carved in place between 1988 and 1997, depict a procession of biblical matriarchs and patriarchs, each standing on a plinth adorned with symbolic imagery. The carvings incorporate both traditional biblical motifs and modern interpretations, reflecting the cathedral’s commitment to engaging with contemporary issues and perspectives.
The Portal of Paradise is not merely a decorative element; it is a theological statement. The sculptures and carvings invite visitors to contemplate the meaning of scripture, the challenges of faith, and the ongoing dialogue between tradition and modernity. The portal serves as a threshold, inviting all who enter to embark on a journey of spiritual discovery and transformation.
4. Who Was Simon Verity And What Was His Role At The Cathedral?
Simon Verity was a master carver who led a team of artisans in creating the sculptures on the Portal of Paradise at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, blending traditional techniques with modern artistic interpretations. As artist-in-residence, he trained apprentices from the local community, fostering a connection between the cathedral and its surrounding neighborhood while enriching the structure with lasting pieces of art.
Verity’s journey to St. John’s began during his boyhood in England’s Cotswolds, where he developed a deep appreciation for stone while cleaning ancient statues at a local cathedral. His expertise in traditional stone-carving techniques led to his recruitment by the cathedral in the 1980s, where he was tasked with leading the creation of the sculptures on the Portal of Paradise.
Under Verity’s guidance, a team of carvers, many of whom were apprentices from the local neighborhood, meticulously carved the limestone pillars that flank the entrance. Verity emphasized the importance of traditional methods, teaching his apprentices the time-honored techniques of stone carving while encouraging them to incorporate their own artistic visions.
Verity’s leadership extended beyond the technical aspects of stone carving. He fostered a collaborative environment where ideas were shared and debated, ensuring that the sculptures reflected the diverse perspectives of the team. He also worked closely with the cathedral’s dean and other religious leaders to ensure that the imagery was theologically sound and consistent with the cathedral’s mission.
5. How Did The Cathedral Incorporate Modern Imagery Into Its Traditional Designs?
The Cathedral of St. John the Divine incorporated modern imagery into its traditional designs through the sculptures on the Portal of Paradise, which feature contemporary interpretations of biblical stories and events. These sculptures blend ancient themes with modern symbols, reflecting the cathedral’s engagement with contemporary social issues and artistic expressions.
One striking example of this integration is found on the plinths supporting the figures of the prophets on the south side of the Portal of Paradise. These plinths depict a series of apocalyptic scenes inspired by the Book of Revelation, but set in a modern New York City context. The World Trade Center towers, the Brooklyn Bridge, and the New York Stock Exchange are all depicted in a state of chaos and destruction, reflecting the anxieties and uncertainties of the late 20th century.
Beneath these ominous images, however, are carvings of workers building the cathedral, symbolizing hope and resilience in the face of adversity. These images remind viewers that the act of building a cathedral, with its immense investment of time and resources, is an expression of optimism and faith in the future.
The integration of modern imagery into the Cathedral’s traditional designs is a deliberate attempt to make the cathedral relevant to contemporary audiences. By incorporating images and symbols that resonate with modern experiences, the cathedral seeks to engage with the challenges and aspirations of the present day while remaining rooted in its rich historical and spiritual traditions.
6. What Community Outreach Programs Has The Cathedral Been Involved In?
The Cathedral of St. John the Divine has been involved in various community outreach programs, including initiatives to reclaim abandoned housing, feed the hungry, and provide training and employment opportunities for disadvantaged youth. These programs reflect the cathedral’s commitment to social justice and serving the needs of its surrounding community.
Under the leadership of Dean James Parks Morton (1972-1997), the cathedral significantly expanded its community outreach programs. Morton believed that the cathedral should not only be a place of worship but also a center for social action and community development.
One of the cathedral’s most notable initiatives was its program to reclaim abandoned housing in the surrounding neighborhood. The cathedral acquired dilapidated buildings and renovated them into affordable housing units, providing safe and stable homes for low-income families.
The cathedral also operated a soup kitchen and food pantry, providing meals and groceries to those in need. These programs addressed the issue of food insecurity in the community and provided a lifeline for individuals and families struggling to make ends meet.
Furthermore, the cathedral established training programs in stone carving and masonry, providing disadvantaged youth with valuable skills and employment opportunities. These programs not only helped to revitalize the cathedral’s construction efforts but also empowered young people to build fulfilling careers.
7. How Did The 2001 Fire Affect The Cathedral And Its Construction?
The December 2001 fire in the North Transept of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine caused extensive smoke damage, leading to a five-year restoration project completed in 2008. While new construction was suspended, the fire prompted preservation efforts and site improvements, ensuring the cathedral’s structural integrity and long-term preservation.
The fire, which broke out in the North Transept, caused significant damage to the cathedral’s interior. Smoke and soot permeated the building, coating the walls, ceilings, and stained-glass windows. The intense heat also damaged some of the cathedral’s structural elements.
In the aftermath of the fire, a massive restoration effort was launched to repair the damage and restore the cathedral to its former glory. The restoration project involved cleaning the soot and smoke from the interior surfaces, repairing damaged stonework, and restoring the stained-glass windows.
While the fire did not directly lead to the resumption of new construction, it did highlight the importance of preserving the existing structure. The restoration project included a number of site improvements and preservation efforts aimed at ensuring the cathedral’s long-term stability and resilience.
8. What Is The Current Status Of Construction At The Cathedral?
Currently, construction at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine is limited to preservation and site improvement, with approximately $11 million spent annually on these efforts. Although new construction has been suspended since 1997, ongoing maintenance and restoration work ensures the cathedral’s structural integrity and continued operation as a vibrant community center.
Despite its unfinished status, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine remains a vital part of the New York City landscape. The cathedral hosts regular worship services, concerts, and other cultural events, drawing visitors from all over the world. It continues to serve as a center for community outreach and social justice, providing vital services to the surrounding neighborhood.
While the dream of completing the cathedral remains unfulfilled, the ongoing preservation and site improvement efforts ensure that this architectural masterpiece will continue to inspire and uplift for generations to come.
9. What Makes The Cathedral Of St. John The Divine A Unique Landmark?
The Cathedral of St. John the Divine is a unique landmark due to its blend of architectural styles, ongoing construction, incorporation of modern imagery, community outreach programs, and status as one of the world’s largest cathedrals. It serves as a symbol of architectural ambition, artistic innovation, social justice, and spiritual expression.
Its blend of Romanesque Revival and Gothic Revival architectural styles creates a visually striking and historically significant structure. Its unfinished status adds to its mystique, inviting visitors to witness the ongoing process of creation and transformation. The integration of modern imagery into its traditional designs reflects the cathedral’s commitment to engaging with contemporary issues and perspectives. Its community outreach programs demonstrate its dedication to serving the needs of its surrounding neighborhood. All of these factors combine to make the Cathedral of St. John the Divine a truly unique and unforgettable landmark.
10. How Can I Learn More About The Cathedral And Its History?
To learn more about the Cathedral of St. John the Divine and its history, you can visit the cathedral in person, explore its official website, read books and articles about its architecture and history, and participate in guided tours. For exclusive content and insights, visit johnchen.net.
Visiting the cathedral in person allows you to experience its grandeur and beauty firsthand. You can explore the interior, admire the stained-glass windows, and learn about its history through guided tours and informational displays.
The cathedral’s official website provides a wealth of information about its history, architecture, community programs, and upcoming events. You can also find virtual tours and online resources that offer a deeper understanding of the cathedral’s significance.
Numerous books and articles have been written about the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, exploring its architectural styles, construction history, and cultural impact. These resources offer in-depth analysis and historical context that can enhance your understanding of this iconic landmark.
Guided tours, led by knowledgeable docents, provide a unique opportunity to learn about the cathedral’s history and architecture. These tours often include behind-the-scenes access and insider information that you won’t find elsewhere.
11. Why Is It Called “St. John The Unfinished?”
It is called “St. John the Unfinished” because its construction has been ongoing for over a century, with numerous periods of suspension due to financial constraints, wars, and other factors, leaving it incomplete despite its grandeur and historical significance. The name reflects its perpetual state of construction and aspiration for completion.
The Cathedral Church of Saint John the Divine’s nickname, “St. John the Unfinished,” encapsulates its unique and protracted construction history. Conceived in the late 19th century, the cathedral’s cornerstone was laid in 1892, marking the beginning of an ambitious architectural endeavor. However, the project has been plagued by interruptions and setbacks, preventing its full realization.
Over the years, construction has been halted due to a variety of factors, including financial difficulties, the two World Wars, and changes in architectural vision. The cathedral’s original Romanesque Revival design was abandoned in favor of a Gothic Revival style, requiring significant alterations to the existing structure. These changes added to the complexity and cost of the project, further delaying its completion.
Despite these challenges, work on the cathedral has continued sporadically throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. The interior has been largely completed, and the cathedral has become a vibrant center for worship, culture, and community outreach. However, the exterior remains unfinished, with the two main towers still awaiting their final spires.
The nickname “St. John the Unfinished” is not a sign of failure but rather a testament to the cathedral’s enduring spirit and the ongoing pursuit of architectural excellence. The cathedral’s incompleteness serves as a reminder of the challenges inherent in large-scale construction projects and the importance of perseverance in the face of adversity.
12. How Large Is The Cathedral Of St. John The Divine Compared To Other Cathedrals?
The Cathedral of St. John the Divine is one of the largest cathedrals in the world, boasting an interior length of 601 feet, surpassing many other famous cathedrals in size, including Notre-Dame in Paris. Its vast scale contributes to its imposing presence and architectural grandeur.
When comparing the Cathedral of St. John the Divine to other renowned cathedrals, its sheer size becomes immediately apparent. With an interior length of 601 feet (183 meters), it ranks among the longest cathedrals in the world. This impressive measurement exceeds that of Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, which measures approximately 427 feet (130 meters) in length.
The cathedral’s vast scale is not only a matter of length but also of volume. Its cavernous interior can accommodate thousands of worshippers and visitors, creating a sense of awe and reverence. The high vaulted ceilings, supported by massive stone pillars, add to the cathedral’s sense of grandeur and majesty.
The size of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine is a testament to the ambition and vision of its creators. They sought to build a cathedral that would not only be a place of worship but also a symbol of hope, resilience, and the ongoing pursuit of architectural excellence.
13. What Art Installations Can Be Found Inside The Cathedral?
Inside the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, you can find various art installations, including the Phoenix sculptures by Xu Bing, which are monumental works made from debris salvaged from construction sites. These installations add a contemporary artistic dimension to the cathedral’s traditional setting.
The Cathedral of St. John the Divine is not only an architectural masterpiece but also a showcase for contemporary art. Throughout the cathedral’s vast interior, visitors can encounter a variety of art installations that challenge and inspire.
One of the most prominent art installations is the Phoenix Project by Chinese artist Xu Bing. These monumental sculptures, made from debris salvaged from construction sites, represent the mythical phoenix rising from the ashes. The sculptures are a powerful symbol of resilience, transformation, and the enduring spirit of New York City.
In addition to the Phoenix Project, the cathedral features a variety of other art installations, including paintings, sculptures, and stained-glass windows. These works of art reflect the cathedral’s commitment to engaging with contemporary social issues and promoting dialogue between different cultures and faiths.
The art installations at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine are not merely decorative elements but rather integral parts of the cathedral’s identity. They invite visitors to contemplate the meaning of faith, the challenges of modernity, and the transformative power of art.
14. How Did The Cathedral Support Local Artists And Artisans During Its Construction?
During its construction, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine supported local artists and artisans by providing training and employment opportunities, particularly in stone carving and masonry. These initiatives helped revitalize traditional crafts and fostered a sense of community ownership in the cathedral’s construction.
The Cathedral of St. John the Divine has a long history of supporting local artists and artisans. From its earliest days, the cathedral has sought to involve the surrounding community in its construction and artistic endeavors.
One of the most significant ways the cathedral has supported local artists is through its training programs in stone carving and masonry. These programs, led by master artisans like Simon Verity, provide disadvantaged youth with valuable skills and employment opportunities. The apprentices learn traditional techniques of stone carving and masonry while working on the cathedral’s exterior and interior.
In addition to its training programs, the cathedral also commissions local artists to create works of art for its interior and exterior. These commissions provide artists with financial support and a platform to showcase their talents.
The cathedral’s commitment to supporting local artists and artisans is not merely a matter of philanthropy but rather a reflection of its belief in the importance of community involvement and artistic expression. By involving local artists in its construction and artistic endeavors, the cathedral fosters a sense of ownership and pride within the community.
15. What Is The Significance Of The Rose Window At The Cathedral?
The rose window at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine is significant for its immense size, intricate design, and the symbolic use of colored glass, which creates a stunning visual effect and represents spiritual enlightenment and divine beauty. As the largest rose window in the United States, it serves as a focal point of the cathedral’s interior.
The rose window, located above the Portal of Paradise, is one of the most striking features of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. Measuring 40 feet (12 meters) in diameter and containing 10,000 pieces of colored glass, it is the largest rose window in the United States.
The rose window’s intricate design features a central medallion surrounded by a series of radiating petals. Each petal is filled with colored glass that depicts scenes from the Bible, the lives of the saints, and the natural world.
The colored glass in the rose window is not merely decorative but rather symbolic. Each color represents a different aspect of faith and spirituality. Blue represents heaven, red represents love, green represents hope, and yellow represents wisdom.
The rose window’s significance extends beyond its visual beauty. It also serves as a focal point of the cathedral’s interior, drawing the eye upward and creating a sense of awe and reverence. The light that streams through the colored glass fills the cathedral with a warm and inviting glow, creating an atmosphere of spiritual enlightenment and divine beauty.
16. How Does The Cathedral Balance Its Religious Role With Its Cultural And Community Activities?
The Cathedral of St. John the Divine balances its religious role with cultural and community activities by integrating social justice initiatives, hosting diverse artistic performances, and offering community outreach programs. This approach allows the cathedral to serve as a spiritual center while also addressing contemporary social issues and fostering community engagement.
The Cathedral of St. John the Divine is not simply a place of worship but rather a multi-faceted institution that seeks to serve the needs of its community in a variety of ways. The cathedral balances its religious role with cultural and community activities through a variety of innovative programs and initiatives.
One of the most significant ways the cathedral integrates its religious role with community activities is through its social justice initiatives. The cathedral is committed to addressing issues of poverty, inequality, and environmental sustainability. It operates a soup kitchen, a food pantry, and a homeless shelter, providing vital services to those in need. It also advocates for social justice through its public statements and its partnerships with community organizations.
In addition to its social justice initiatives, the cathedral also hosts a variety of cultural events, including concerts, art exhibitions, and theatrical performances. These events provide a platform for artists from diverse backgrounds and offer opportunities for community members to come together and celebrate the arts.
The cathedral’s commitment to balancing its religious role with cultural and community activities is a reflection of its belief that faith should be active and engaged in the world. By serving the needs of its community and promoting dialogue between different cultures and faiths, the cathedral seeks to be a beacon of hope and inspiration in a world that is often divided.
17. What Stories Are Depicted On The Bronze Doors Of The Portal Of Paradise?
The bronze doors of the Portal of Paradise depict scenes from the Old and New Testaments, providing a visual narrative of biblical history and spiritual teachings. These panels illustrate key events and figures, inviting visitors to reflect on the rich traditions of Christianity and Judaism.
The bronze doors of the Portal of Paradise are a masterpiece of sculptural art. Each door features 30 panels that depict scenes from the Old and New Testaments. These panels tell the story of the Bible, from the creation of the world to the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
The panels on the Old Testament side of the doors depict scenes such as the creation of Adam and Eve, the flood, the exodus from Egypt, and the giving of the Ten Commandments. These panels illustrate the early history of humanity and the covenant between God and the people of Israel.
The panels on the New Testament side of the doors depict scenes such as the birth of Jesus, his baptism, his miracles, his crucifixion, and his resurrection. These panels tell the story of Jesus’ life and ministry and his role as the savior of humanity.
The stories depicted on the bronze doors of the Portal of Paradise are not merely historical narratives but rather timeless teachings about faith, hope, and love. They invite visitors to reflect on the meaning of their own lives and their relationship with God.
18. How Did Amy Brier, A Jewish Carver, Contribute To The Cathedral’s Art?
Amy Brier, a Jewish carver, contributed to the Cathedral’s art by carving the pillar supporting Moses on the Portal of Paradise, incorporating imagery from the Kabbalah and other Jewish symbols. Her work reflects the cathedral’s inclusivity and its embrace of diverse religious traditions.
Amy Brier’s involvement in the creation of the Portal of Paradise is a testament to the cathedral’s commitment to inclusivity and interfaith dialogue. Brier, a Jewish artist with a background in fine art and sculpture, was invited to carve the pillar supporting the figure of Moses.
Brier’s pillar incorporates imagery from the Kabbalah, a mystical Jewish tradition, as well as other Jewish symbols. These images reflect Brier’s own religious background and her desire to create a work of art that would resonate with people of all faiths.
Brier’s contribution to the cathedral’s art is significant not only for its artistic merit but also for its symbolic value. It demonstrates the cathedral’s willingness to embrace diversity and to create a space where people of different faiths can come together and learn from one another.
19. What Was Dean James Parks Morton’s Vision For The Cathedral?
Dean James Parks Morton’s vision for the cathedral was to create a vibrant center for worship, community outreach, and social justice, engaging with contemporary issues and serving the needs of the surrounding community. He sought to make the cathedral a place where all people felt welcome and valued.
Dean James Parks Morton was a visionary leader who transformed the Cathedral of St. John the Divine into a vibrant center for worship, community outreach, and social justice. Morton believed that the cathedral should not only be a place of prayer but also a place of action.
Morton’s vision for the cathedral was rooted in his belief that faith should be active and engaged in the world. He sought to make the cathedral a place where all people felt welcome and valued, regardless of their race, religion, or socioeconomic status.
Under Morton’s leadership, the cathedral established a variety of community outreach programs, including a soup kitchen, a food pantry, and a homeless shelter. These programs provided vital services to those in need and demonstrated the cathedral’s commitment to social justice.
Morton also brought a variety of artists and performers to the cathedral, creating a vibrant cultural scene. These events provided opportunities for community members to come together and celebrate the arts.
Dean James Parks Morton’s vision for the Cathedral of St. John the Divine was one of inclusivity, compassion, and social action. He transformed the cathedral into a beacon of hope and inspiration for the city of New York.
20. How Can Visiting The Cathedral Inspire Personal Growth And Reflection?
Visiting the cathedral can inspire personal growth and reflection by providing a space for contemplation, exposing visitors to diverse artistic and cultural expressions, and fostering a sense of connection to something larger than themselves. The cathedral’s architecture, art, and community programs can all contribute to a transformative experience.
Visiting the Cathedral of St. John the Divine can be a transformative experience. The cathedral’s architecture, art, and community programs can all contribute to personal growth and reflection.
The cathedral’s architecture is awe-inspiring. The soaring ceilings, the massive stone pillars, and the intricate stained-glass windows create a sense of grandeur and reverence. The sheer scale of the building can inspire visitors to contemplate the vastness of the universe and their place within it.
The cathedral’s art is equally inspiring. The sculptures, paintings, and stained-glass windows depict stories from the Bible, the lives of the saints, and the natural world. These works of art can spark new insights and perspectives on faith, spirituality, and the human condition.
The cathedral’s community programs offer opportunities for visitors to connect with others and to serve those in need. These programs can foster a sense of empathy, compassion, and social responsibility.
Visiting the Cathedral of St. John the Divine can be a powerful reminder of the importance of faith, hope, and love. It can inspire visitors to live more meaningful lives and to make a positive difference in the world.
The Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City offers a unique blend of architectural grandeur, artistic innovation, and community engagement. From its blend of Romanesque and Gothic styles to its modern art installations and social justice initiatives, the cathedral provides a rich tapestry of experiences that inspire personal growth and reflection. Explore more hidden treasures and insightful stories on johnchen.net. To discover more about leadership, technology, and business strategies, explore the resources available on johnchen.net and consider subscribing for regular updates. Let’s connect and grow together!
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