Pope Saint John XXIII, a figure of immense significance in the 20th century, significantly shaped the Catholic Church and international relations, and at johnchen.net we delve into his remarkable journey. This article explores his life, legacy, and contributions to the Church and the world, with a focus on his groundbreaking initiatives and their lasting impact, offering insights into leadership, diplomacy, and the power of positive change. We examine the profound influence of his papacy, highlighting his efforts to promote peace, understanding, and ecumenism.
1. Who Was Pope Saint John XXIII Before Becoming Pope?
Before ascending to the papacy, Pope Saint John XXIII, born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, was a man deeply rooted in humble origins and extensive pastoral and diplomatic experience. Born on November 25, 1881, in Sotto il Monte, Italy, to a family of sharecroppers, Roncalli’s early life instilled in him a profound sense of empathy and connection to ordinary people.
1.1 Early Life and Education
Angelo Roncalli’s journey began in a large, close-knit farming family. His upbringing instilled in him values of simplicity, hard work, and deep faith. His family emphasized the importance of education, leading him to the seminary at a young age.
1.2 Ordination and Early Ministry
Roncalli was ordained a priest in 1904 and served as a secretary to Bishop Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi, an experience that exposed him to the social issues of the time and influenced his commitment to social justice.
1.3 Service During World War I
During World War I, Roncalli served as a sergeant in the Italian army’s medical corps, tending to the wounded. His experience on the front lines gave him a firsthand understanding of the human cost of conflict and strengthened his desire for peace.
1.4 Diplomatic Roles
In 1925, Roncalli began his diplomatic career, serving as the Apostolic Delegate to Bulgaria. This role marked the beginning of decades of service in various diplomatic posts, including Turkey and France.
1.5 Experiences in Bulgaria, Turkey, and France
- Bulgaria: Roncalli’s time in Bulgaria was marked by his efforts to support the local Catholic community and foster good relations with the Orthodox Church.
- Turkey: Serving in Turkey during World War II, he played a crucial role in saving thousands of Jewish people from the Holocaust. His diplomatic skills and humanitarian efforts earned him widespread respect.
- France: As the Apostolic Nuncio to France after the war, he helped rebuild the Church in a country deeply affected by conflict and political upheaval.
1.6 Patriarch of Venice
In 1953, Roncalli was appointed the Patriarch of Venice, a prestigious position that allowed him to serve as a residential bishop. His time in Venice was characterized by his pastoral care, accessibility, and deep connection with the people of his diocese. His background as a farmer’s son made him relatable and approachable, endearing him to people from all walks of life.
2. What Were the Key Events of Pope John XXIII’s Papacy?
Pope John XXIII’s papacy, though brief, was marked by several key events that left a lasting impact on the Catholic Church and the world. Elected at the age of 76, he was initially seen as a transitional pope, but he quickly defied expectations by initiating bold and transformative changes.
2.1 Election as Pope
Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was elected pope on October 28, 1958, taking the name John XXIII. His election surprised many, as he was seen as an interim figure due to his age. However, he soon proved to be a dynamic and visionary leader.
2.2 Calling of the Second Vatican Council
One of the most significant events of his papacy was the calling of the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). In January 1959, just three months after becoming pope, John XXIII announced his intention to convene an ecumenical council.
2.3 Objectives of the Council
The objectives of the Second Vatican Council were to:
- Aggiornamento: Bring the Church up to date.
- Promote Christian Unity: Foster dialogue and reconciliation with other Christian denominations.
- Engage with the Modern World: Address the challenges and opportunities of the modern era.
2.4 Key Documents and Reforms
The Second Vatican Council produced several key documents that led to significant reforms in the Church. Some of the most important include:
- Sacrosanctum Concilium (Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy): This document reformed the liturgy, allowing for the use of vernacular languages in Mass.
- Lumen Gentium (Dogmatic Constitution on the Church): This document redefined the Church’s understanding of itself, emphasizing the role of the laity and the concept of the Church as the People of God.
- Dei Verbum (Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation): This document addressed the relationship between Scripture and Tradition, emphasizing the importance of both.
- Gaudium et Spes (Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World): This document addressed the Church’s relationship with the contemporary world, focusing on issues such as poverty, justice, and peace.
2.5 Social Teachings
Pope John XXIII made significant contributions to the Church’s social teachings, particularly through his encyclicals Mater et Magistra (1961) and Pacem in Terris (1963).
2.6 Mater et Magistra
Mater et Magistra (Mother and Teacher) addressed the relationship between the Church and social progress, emphasizing the need for a just distribution of wealth and the importance of government intervention in the economy to protect the common good.
2.7 Pacem in Terris
Pacem in Terris (Peace on Earth) was issued during the Cuban Missile Crisis and called for peace and justice among all nations. It emphasized the importance of human rights, international cooperation, and the need to resolve conflicts through negotiation rather than war. It was addressed not only to Catholics but to “all people of good will.”
2.8 Efforts for Peace
Pope John XXIII was deeply committed to peace and made several efforts to promote dialogue and reconciliation during his papacy. He played a significant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, serving as a mediator between the United States and the Soviet Union. His appeal for peace is credited with helping to avert a potential nuclear war.
2.9 Ecumenical Initiatives
Pope John XXIII was a strong advocate for Christian unity and took several steps to foster dialogue and reconciliation with other Christian denominations. He met with leaders of various Orthodox and Protestant churches, laying the groundwork for future ecumenical efforts.
3. What Was the Impact of the Second Vatican Council?
The Second Vatican Council, convened by Pope John XXIII, had a profound and lasting impact on the Catholic Church. It led to significant reforms in liturgy, theology, and the Church’s relationship with the modern world.
3.1 Liturgical Reforms
One of the most visible changes resulting from the Second Vatican Council was the reform of the liturgy. The Council’s document Sacrosanctum Concilium allowed for the use of vernacular languages in Mass, replacing Latin. This change made the liturgy more accessible and understandable to the faithful.
3.2 Theological Developments
The Second Vatican Council led to significant developments in Catholic theology, particularly in the areas of ecclesiology (the study of the Church) and divine revelation.
3.3 Ecclesiology
Lumen Gentium, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, redefined the Church’s understanding of itself, emphasizing the role of the laity and the concept of the Church as the People of God. It promoted a more inclusive and participatory model of the Church.
3.4 Divine Revelation
Dei Verbum, the Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation, addressed the relationship between Scripture and Tradition, emphasizing the importance of both as sources of divine revelation. It encouraged Catholics to engage with Scripture in a more direct and personal way.
3.5 Church’s Relationship with the Modern World
The Second Vatican Council addressed the Church’s relationship with the modern world, seeking to engage with contemporary issues and challenges.
3.6 Dialogue with Other Religions
The Council promoted dialogue and cooperation with other religions, recognizing the value of other faith traditions. Nostra Aetate, the Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions, affirmed the common humanity shared by all people and called for mutual respect and understanding.
3.7 Social Justice and Peace
The Second Vatican Council emphasized the Church’s commitment to social justice and peace, addressing issues such as poverty, inequality, and war. Gaudium et Spes, the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, called on Catholics to work for a more just and peaceful world.
3.8 Challenges and Controversies
While the Second Vatican Council brought about many positive changes, it also faced challenges and controversies. Some Catholics resisted the reforms, viewing them as a departure from tradition. Others felt that the reforms did not go far enough in addressing the challenges of the modern world.
3.9 Long-Term Effects
The long-term effects of the Second Vatican Council are still being felt today. The Council’s reforms have shaped the way Catholics worship, understand their faith, and engage with the world. It has also paved the way for greater ecumenical and interreligious dialogue.
4. What Were Pope John XXIII’s Major Encyclicals?
Pope John XXIII’s papacy was marked by two significant encyclicals, Mater et Magistra and Pacem in Terris, which addressed social and political issues with a focus on justice, peace, and human rights.
4.1 Mater et Magistra (1961)
Mater et Magistra (Mother and Teacher) was issued on May 15, 1961, and addressed the relationship between the Church and social progress.
4.2 Key Themes of Mater et Magistra
- Social Justice: The encyclical emphasized the need for a just distribution of wealth and resources, calling for greater equality and solidarity in society.
- Role of the State: It affirmed the importance of government intervention in the economy to protect the common good and ensure the basic rights of all citizens.
- Workers’ Rights: Mater et Magistra supported the rights of workers to fair wages, safe working conditions, and the freedom to form unions.
- Agriculture: The encyclical addressed the challenges facing farmers and rural communities, calling for policies to support sustainable agriculture and rural development.
4.3 Impact of Mater et Magistra
Mater et Magistra had a significant impact on Catholic social teaching, providing a framework for addressing contemporary social and economic issues. It influenced policymakers, activists, and theologians around the world.
4.4 Pacem in Terris (1963)
Pacem in Terris (Peace on Earth) was issued on April 11, 1963, during the Cuban Missile Crisis and called for peace and justice among all nations.
4.5 Key Themes of Pacem in Terris
- Human Rights: The encyclical emphasized the importance of human rights as the foundation of a just and peaceful society, asserting that all people are entitled to basic rights such as freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and the right to a decent standard of living.
- International Cooperation: Pacem in Terris called for greater international cooperation and the establishment of a world authority to promote peace and justice among nations.
- Disarmament: The encyclical advocated for disarmament and the peaceful resolution of conflicts through negotiation rather than war.
- Role of Law: It emphasized the importance of the rule of law in both domestic and international affairs, calling for a legal framework to protect human rights and prevent aggression.
4.6 Impact of Pacem in Terris
Pacem in Terris had a profound impact on global politics and diplomacy. Its call for peace and justice resonated with people of all faiths and backgrounds. It influenced the development of international law and human rights standards.
4.7 Legacy of the Encyclicals
Mater et Magistra and Pacem in Terris remain highly influential documents in Catholic social teaching. They provide a moral framework for addressing the challenges of the 21st century, such as poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation.
5. How Did Pope John XXIII Contribute to Ecumenism?
Pope John XXIII was a pioneer in ecumenism, fostering dialogue and reconciliation with other Christian denominations. His efforts laid the groundwork for greater unity among Christians.
5.1 Early Life Experiences
Pope John XXIII’s early life experiences shaped his ecumenical outlook. As a diplomat in Bulgaria, Turkey, and France, he interacted with Orthodox and Protestant leaders, developing a deep appreciation for their traditions.
5.2 Calling of the Second Vatican Council
One of Pope John XXIII’s most significant contributions to ecumenism was the calling of the Second Vatican Council. The Council’s stated aims included promoting Christian unity and fostering dialogue with other Christian denominations.
5.3 Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity
Pope John XXIII established the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity in 1960. This Vatican office was tasked with fostering relationships with other Christian churches and preparing for their participation in the Second Vatican Council.
5.4 Observer Delegations
The Secretariat invited observers from various Orthodox and Protestant churches to attend the Second Vatican Council. Their presence marked a significant step forward in ecumenical relations, allowing for greater understanding and cooperation.
5.5 Key Documents on Ecumenism
The Second Vatican Council produced several key documents that promoted ecumenism, including:
- Unitatis Redintegratio (Decree on Ecumenism): This document outlined the principles and practices of ecumenism, emphasizing the importance of dialogue, prayer, and cooperation among Christians.
- Nostra Aetate (Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions): While primarily focused on interreligious dialogue, this document also affirmed the common humanity shared by all people, laying the groundwork for greater understanding and respect among different faith traditions.
5.6 Meetings with Other Christian Leaders
Pope John XXIII met with several leaders of other Christian churches, including Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher of Canterbury, the head of the Anglican Communion. These meetings symbolized a new era of openness and dialogue between the Catholic Church and other Christian denominations.
5.7 Impact on Catholic-Orthodox Relations
Pope John XXIII’s ecumenical efforts had a particularly significant impact on Catholic-Orthodox relations. His meetings with Orthodox leaders paved the way for a historic encounter between Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras of Constantinople in 1964.
5.8 Legacy of Ecumenism
Pope John XXIII’s legacy of ecumenism continues to inspire Christians today. His vision of a united Christian community remains a guiding principle for ecumenical dialogue and cooperation.
6. How Did Pope John XXIII Impact Catholic-Jewish Relations?
Pope John XXIII played a pivotal role in transforming Catholic-Jewish relations, fostering a new era of understanding, respect, and dialogue. His actions and teachings laid the foundation for a more positive and constructive relationship between the Catholic Church and the Jewish people.
6.1 Early Life Experiences
Pope John XXIII’s early life experiences shaped his positive attitude toward the Jewish people. As a diplomat in Turkey during World War II, he helped save thousands of Jewish people from the Holocaust, demonstrating his deep compassion and commitment to justice.
6.2 Removal of Derogatory Language
One of Pope John XXIII’s first actions as pope was to order the removal of derogatory language referring to Jews from the Catholic liturgy. This symbolic gesture signaled a new approach to Catholic-Jewish relations.
6.3 Meeting with Jewish Leaders
Pope John XXIII met with several Jewish leaders, including Jules Isaac, a French Jewish historian who had lost family members in the Holocaust. These meetings provided an opportunity for dialogue and mutual understanding.
6.4 Nostra Aetate
Pope John XXIII’s most significant contribution to Catholic-Jewish relations was the Second Vatican Council’s Nostra Aetate (Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions). This document, promulgated in 1965, revolutionized the Church’s relationship with the Jewish people.
6.5 Key Points of Nostra Aetate
- Rejection of Collective Guilt: Nostra Aetate rejected the notion that the Jewish people were collectively responsible for the death of Jesus.
- Condemnation of Antisemitism: The document condemned all forms of antisemitism, calling on Catholics to combat prejudice and discrimination against Jews.
- Recognition of Shared Heritage: Nostra Aetate acknowledged the shared spiritual heritage between Christians and Jews, emphasizing the common roots of both faiths in the Old Testament.
- Call for Dialogue: The document called for dialogue and cooperation between Catholics and Jews, encouraging mutual understanding and respect.
6.6 Impact of Nostra Aetate
Nostra Aetate had a transformative impact on Catholic-Jewish relations. It paved the way for greater dialogue, cooperation, and reconciliation between the two communities.
6.7 Ongoing Dialogue and Cooperation
Since the promulgation of Nostra Aetate, Catholics and Jews have engaged in ongoing dialogue and cooperation on a variety of issues, including social justice, peace, and interreligious understanding.
6.8 Legacy of Improved Relations
Pope John XXIII’s legacy of improved Catholic-Jewish relations continues to inspire efforts to build bridges of understanding and respect between the two communities. His vision of a more positive and constructive relationship remains a guiding principle for Catholics and Jews around the world.
7. How Did Pope John XXIII Respond to the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Pope John XXIII played a significant role in responding to the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, using his moral authority to call for peace and dialogue between the United States and the Soviet Union.
7.1 The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in October 1962, sparked by the discovery of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. The crisis brought the world to the brink of nuclear war.
7.2 Pope John XXIII’s Intervention
Pope John XXIII intervened in the crisis, issuing a public appeal for peace and urging both sides to find a peaceful solution through negotiation.
7.3 Appeal for Peace
On October 25, 1962, Pope John XXIII issued a radio message to the world, calling on leaders to “hear the cry of all mankind” and to “do all that is possible to save peace.” His appeal was broadcast around the world and had a significant impact on public opinion.
7.4 Mediation Efforts
Pope John XXIII also engaged in behind-the-scenes mediation efforts, using diplomatic channels to communicate with both the United States and the Soviet Union.
7.5 Letter to Khrushchev
Pope John XXIII sent a personal letter to Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, urging him to find a peaceful solution to the crisis.
7.6 Khrushchev’s Response
Khrushchev responded to Pope John XXIII’s appeal, expressing his appreciation for the Pope’s efforts and agreeing to consider his proposals.
7.7 Impact on the Crisis
Pope John XXIII’s intervention is credited with helping to de-escalate the crisis and create a climate for negotiation. His moral authority and personal diplomacy played a significant role in averting a potential nuclear war.
7.8 Legacy of Peacemaking
Pope John XXIII’s response to the Cuban Missile Crisis solidified his reputation as a peacemaker and demonstrated the importance of moral leadership in international affairs.
8. What Was Pope John XXIII’s Personal Style and Character?
Pope John XXIII was known for his warm, approachable, and pastoral style, which endeared him to people of all backgrounds. His personality and character played a significant role in shaping his papacy and influencing the Church.
8.1 Humble Origins
Pope John XXIII’s humble origins as the son of a farming family shaped his character and worldview. He never forgot his roots and maintained a deep connection to ordinary people.
8.2 Sense of Humor
Pope John XXIII was known for his sense of humor and his ability to laugh at himself. He often used humor to diffuse tense situations and connect with people on a personal level.
8.3 Pastoral Approach
Pope John XXIII had a deeply pastoral approach to his ministry, prioritizing personal relationships and pastoral care. He made a point of visiting parishes, hospitals, and prisons, reaching out to those on the margins of society.
8.4 Simplicity
Pope John XXIII lived a simple and unassuming life, rejecting the trappings of power and privilege. He preferred simple meals, modest accommodations, and unpretentious company.
8.5 Openness
Pope John XXIII was known for his openness to new ideas and his willingness to engage in dialogue with people of different perspectives. He welcomed visitors from all walks of life and listened attentively to their concerns.
8.6 Optimism
Pope John XXIII was an optimist, believing in the goodness of people and the power of hope. He saw the best in others and encouraged them to reach their full potential.
8.7 Courage
Pope John XXIII demonstrated courage in the face of opposition, standing up for his beliefs and pursuing his vision for the Church. He was not afraid to challenge the status quo and initiate bold reforms.
8.8 Impact on the Church
Pope John XXIII’s personal style and character had a profound impact on the Church. His warmth, humility, and pastoral approach transformed the papacy and inspired Catholics around the world.
9. What Is Pope John XXIII’s Legacy?
Pope John XXIII’s legacy is one of peace, unity, and renewal. His papacy transformed the Catholic Church and inspired people of all faiths to work for a more just and peaceful world.
9.1 Second Vatican Council
Pope John XXIII’s most enduring legacy is the Second Vatican Council, which he convened in 1962. The Council’s reforms reshaped the Church and paved the way for greater ecumenical and interreligious dialogue.
9.2 Social Teachings
Pope John XXIII’s social teachings, particularly his encyclicals Mater et Magistra and Pacem in Terris, continue to inspire efforts to address poverty, inequality, and injustice around the world.
9.3 Ecumenism
Pope John XXIII’s ecumenical efforts laid the groundwork for greater unity among Christians. His meetings with leaders of other Christian churches symbolized a new era of openness and dialogue.
9.4 Catholic-Jewish Relations
Pope John XXIII’s efforts to improve Catholic-Jewish relations transformed the relationship between the two communities. Nostra Aetate remains a landmark document in interreligious dialogue.
9.5 Peacemaking
Pope John XXIII’s intervention in the Cuban Missile Crisis demonstrated the importance of moral leadership in international affairs. His call for peace helped to avert a potential nuclear war.
9.6 Inspiration
Pope John XXIII’s personal style and character continue to inspire people of all backgrounds. His warmth, humility, and pastoral approach serve as a model for leaders in all fields.
9.7 Canonization
Pope John XXIII was canonized as a saint by Pope Francis in 2014, recognizing his holiness and his contributions to the Church and the world.
9.8 Continued Relevance
Pope John XXIII’s legacy remains relevant today as the world faces new challenges, such as climate change, economic inequality, and political polarization. His vision of a more just and peaceful world continues to inspire hope and action.
10. How Is Pope John XXIII Remembered Today?
Pope John XXIII is remembered today as a beloved figure who transformed the Catholic Church and inspired people of all faiths to work for a more just and peaceful world.
10.1 Saint John XXIII
Pope John XXIII is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, with his feast day celebrated on October 11.
10.2 “Good Pope John”
Pope John XXIII is often referred to as “Good Pope John” because of his warmth, humility, and pastoral approach.
10.3 Patron Saint
Pope John XXIII is considered a patron saint of several causes, including Christian unity, interreligious dialogue, and peace.
10.4 Memorials and Monuments
There are numerous memorials and monuments dedicated to Pope John XXIII around the world, including statues, plaques, and streets named in his honor.
10.5 Inspiration for Leaders
Pope John XXIII continues to inspire leaders in all fields, including politics, business, and education. His example of moral leadership and personal integrity serves as a model for those seeking to make a positive impact on the world.
10.6 Example for Individuals
Pope John XXIII’s life and teachings provide an example for individuals seeking to live a life of faith, service, and compassion. His warmth, humility, and pastoral approach encourage people to reach out to others and make a difference in their communities.
10.7 Continued Study and Reflection
Pope John XXIII’s writings and speeches continue to be studied and reflected upon by theologians, scholars, and students around the world. His insights into the challenges and opportunities facing the Church and the world remain relevant today.
10.8 Enduring Legacy
Pope John XXIII’s enduring legacy is one of peace, unity, and renewal. His papacy transformed the Catholic Church and inspired people of all faiths to work for a more just and peaceful world.
Pope Saint John XXIII’s remarkable journey from humble beginnings to the papacy exemplifies the transformative power of faith, empathy, and visionary leadership, while his contributions to ecumenism and interfaith dialogue fostered unprecedented unity and understanding, and for more insights into leadership and positive change, visit johnchen.net. Discover more about John Chen’s work and how you can apply these principles in your own life by exploring the resources available at johnchen.net today.
FAQ
- What was Pope John XXIII known for?
Pope John XXIII was primarily known for convening the Second Vatican Council, which brought about significant reforms in the Catholic Church, including modernizing the liturgy and promoting dialogue with other religions. He’s also remembered for his encyclicals, especially Pacem in Terris, which advocated for peace and human rights. - When was Pope John XXIII canonized as a saint?
Pope John XXIII was canonized as a saint on April 27, 2014, by Pope Francis, alongside Pope John Paul II. This recognition affirmed his holiness and the impact of his papacy on the Catholic Church and the world. - What was the main focus of Pope John XXIII’s encyclical Pacem in Terris?
The main focus of Pacem in Terris was to call for peace and justice among all nations. Pope John XXIII emphasized the importance of human rights, international cooperation, and resolving conflicts through negotiation rather than war, addressing it to all people of good will, not just Catholics. - How did Pope John XXIII contribute to Catholic-Jewish relations?
Pope John XXIII played a pivotal role in transforming Catholic-Jewish relations by removing derogatory language from the liturgy and meeting with Jewish leaders. His most significant contribution was the Second Vatican Council’s Nostra Aetate, which rejected collective guilt for the death of Jesus and condemned antisemitism. - What were the key objectives of the Second Vatican Council convened by Pope John XXIII?
The key objectives of the Second Vatican Council were to modernize the Church (aggiornamento), promote Christian unity, and engage with the modern world. This included reforming the liturgy, redefining the Church’s self-understanding, and addressing contemporary social issues. - How did Pope John XXIII respond to the Cuban Missile Crisis?
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, Pope John XXIII issued a public appeal for peace and urged both the United States and the Soviet Union to find a peaceful solution through negotiation. His intervention is credited with helping to de-escalate the crisis and create a climate for dialogue. - What was Pope John XXIII’s personal style and character like?
Pope John XXIII was known for his warm, approachable, and pastoral style. He was humble, humorous, and had a deep connection to ordinary people. His personality endeared him to people of all backgrounds and played a significant role in shaping his papacy. - In what ways did Pope John XXIII promote ecumenism during his papacy?
Pope John XXIII promoted ecumenism by establishing the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, inviting observers from Orthodox and Protestant churches to the Second Vatican Council, and meeting with leaders of other Christian denominations, fostering dialogue and reconciliation. - What is Pope John XXIII’s enduring legacy to the Catholic Church and the world?
Pope John XXIII’s enduring legacy is one of peace, unity, and renewal. His papacy transformed the Catholic Church through the Second Vatican Council, promoted social justice through his encyclicals, and inspired people of all faiths to work for a more just and peaceful world. - How is Pope John XXIII remembered in contemporary times?
Today, Pope John XXIII is remembered as “Good Pope John,” a beloved figure venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. He is remembered for his humility, warmth, and the profound impact he had on modernizing the Church and promoting global peace and understanding.
